- Basic Introduction
Probability is the mathematics of uncertainty.
AI/ML uses probability to:
- predict outcomes
- handle uncertain data
- build models
2. Basic Terminology
Example:
3. Types of Events
Simple Event
Single outcome. Example:Compound Event
Multiple outcomes. Example:4. Probability Rules
Formula
5. Conditional Probability
Probability of A happening when B is true. Formula:6. Law of Total Probability
Formula:7. Bayes’ Theorem
Used heavily in ML classification. Formula:8. Random Variable
A variable whose value depends on random outcomes. Types:- Discrete
- Continuous
9. Mean, Median, Mode
Mean
Average value.Median
Middle value.Mode
Most frequent value.10. Variance & Standard Deviation
Variance measures spread. Standard deviation is square root of variance. Example:11. Probability Distributions
A probability distribution describes possible values and their probabilities. Types:- Bernoulli
- Binomial
- Uniform
- Normal
- Poisson
12. Bernoulli Distribution
Only two outcomes:13. Binomial Distribution
Number of successes in repeated trials. Formula:14. Uniform Distribution
All values have equal probability. Example:15. Normal Distribution
Most common distribution in ML. Shape:16. Poisson Distribution
Used for counting events. Examples:- website visits
- failures
- calls per hour