1. What is Git?

Git is a Distributed Version Control System (DVCS) used to track changes in source code. It allows developers to:

Track file changes
Restore previous versions
Collaborate with others
Manage different project versions

Git works locally on your computer and stores the entire project history. ([GitHub Docs][1])

2. What is GitHub?

GitHub is a cloud platform that hosts Git repositories. It provides:

Cloud backup
Collaboration
Pull Requests
Issues
Code Review
GitHub Actions (CI/CD)

Difference

Git	GitHub
Software	Website/Cloud Platform
Works locally	Works online
Version Control	Repository Hosting
Open Source	Collaboration Platform

([GitHub Docs][1])

3. Version Control System (VCS)

A Version Control System keeps track of every modification. Benefits:

Undo mistakes
Track history
Multiple developers can work together
Backup
Branching

4. Install Git

Download Git Windows: https://git-scm.com Verify installation

git --version

5. Configure Git

git config --global user.name "Your Name"

git config --global user.email "email@example.com"

Check configuration

git config --list

6. Git Repository

A Repository (Repo) is a project folder tracked by Git. Types

Local Repository
Remote Repository

7. Initialize Repository

git init

Creates

.git

hidden folder.

8. Git Workflow

Working Directory
        ↓
git add
        ↓
Staging Area
        ↓
git commit
        ↓
Local Repository
        ↓
git push
        ↓
GitHub Repository

9. Git Status

git status

Shows:

Modified files
New files
Deleted files
Staged files

10. Git Add

Stage one file

git add file.txt

Stage all files

git add .

11. Git Commit

Save snapshot

git commit -m "Initial Commit"

12. Git Log

Show commit history

git log

Short history

git log --oneline

13. Clone Repository

Download GitHub project

git clone repository_url

Example

git clone https://github.com/user/project.git

14. Remote Repository

Check remote

git remote -v

Add remote

git remote add origin URL

15. Push

Upload code

git push origin main

First Push

git push -u origin main

16. Pull

Download latest code

git pull origin main

17. Fetch

Download changes only

git fetch

Difference Fetch → Downloads only Pull → Downloads + Merge

18. Branch

Create branch

git branch feature

List branches

git branch

Delete branch

git branch -d feature

19. Switch Branch

git checkout feature

git switch feature

20. Create and Switch

git checkout -b feature

git switch -c feature

21. Merge

Merge feature branch

git checkout main

git merge feature

22. Merge Conflict

Occurs when two developers modify the same line. Resolve by:

Edit file
Remove conflict markers
Add file
Commit

23. Git Ignore

Ignore files Example

node_modules/

.env

*.log

dist/

File name

.gitignore

24. Remove File

git rm file.txt

25. Rename File

git mv old.txt new.txt

26. Undo Changes

Discard changes

git restore file.txt

Unstage

git restore --staged file.txt

27. Reset

Soft

git reset --soft HEAD~1

Mixed

git reset HEAD~1

Hard

git reset --hard HEAD~1

28. Revert

Undo commit safely

git revert commitID

29. Stash

Save work temporarily

git stash

View stash

git stash list

Restore

git stash pop

Delete

git stash clear

30. Tags

Create

git tag v1.0

Push

git push origin v1.0

31. Fork

Fork creates your own copy of another person’s GitHub repository. Used in Open Source.

32. Pull Request (PR)

Request to merge code into another branch. Steps Fork ↓ Clone ↓ Create Branch ↓ Commit ↓ Push ↓ Open Pull Request ↓ Review ↓ Merge

33. GitHub Issues

Used to:

Report bugs
Request features
Track tasks

34. README.md

Project documentation Contains

Project name
Installation
Usage
Features
License

35. Markdown Basics

Heading

# Heading

Bold

**Bold**

Italic

*Italic*

Code

`Code`

Code Block

```python
print("Hello")
```

36. Common Git Commands Cheat Sheet

git init

git clone URL

git status

git add .

git commit -m "message"

git log

git branch

git checkout branch

git switch branch

git checkout -b newbranch

git merge branch

git remote -v

git push

git pull

git fetch

git stash

git stash pop

git reset

git revert

git rm

git mv

git tag

37. Complete Git Workflow

Create Project

↓

git init

↓

git add .

↓

git commit

↓

Create GitHub Repository

↓

git remote add origin URL

↓

git push

↓

Make Changes

↓

git add

↓

git commit

↓

git push

​1. What is Git?

​2. What is GitHub?

​3. Version Control System (VCS)

​4. Install Git

​5. Configure Git

​6. Git Repository

​7. Initialize Repository

​8. Git Workflow

​9. Git Status

​10. Git Add

​11. Git Commit

​12. Git Log

​13. Clone Repository

​14. Remote Repository

​15. Push

​16. Pull

​17. Fetch

​18. Branch

​19. Switch Branch

​20. Create and Switch

​21. Merge

​22. Merge Conflict

​23. Git Ignore

​24. Remove File

​25. Rename File

​26. Undo Changes

​27. Reset

​28. Revert

​29. Stash

​30. Tags

​31. Fork

​32. Pull Request (PR)

​33. GitHub Issues

​34. README.md

​35. Markdown Basics

​36. Common Git Commands Cheat Sheet

​37. Complete Git Workflow